Friday, November 2, 2012

Why Do Wireless Speakers Use of Adaptive Frequency Hopping?

By Michelle Jaeger


Many of the latest cord-less goods for example cordless loudspeakers are limited to just one of the offered license-free frequency bands. Those bands in the U . s . are the 900-MHz, 2.4-GHz in addition to 5.8-GHz band. In order for systems to be license free, they need to work in one of these accessible frequency bands. Because the number of wireless devices that function within these frequency bands has been expanding continuously, these bands are getting a lot more crowded to a degree in which gadgets bring about apparent deterioration to the operation of different devices. I am about to reveal one of several approaches which modern cordless speakers utilize so as to tolerate various wireless devices and also to reduce the effect on other systems.

Adaptive frequency hopping is one of the most recent approaches used by wireless rear speaker models that functions by checking the whole frequency band for channels that are filled by other transmitters.

All frequency channels that are filled are flagged as filled. From the remaining unoccupied frequency channels, a hop set is specified which includes a selection of the free frequency channels. The transmitter will cycle through every one of the channels of the hop set during the audio transmission. When the frequency channel is switched, both transmitter and receiver switch to the next frequency channel. This assures that both transmitter as well as receiver are constantly transmitting at the same frequency. For this purpose, the hop set needs to be sent to each receiver.

The transmitter keeps checking each of the available channels even after the hop set is established such that it has a number of extra frequency channels accessible which may substitute every active channel which gets busy by yet another transmitter. Possessing a list of back-up frequency channels permits the hop set to be altered quickly and consequently this method works very well in preventing interference and also in minimizing broadcasting at busy frequency channels.

Data buffering is a second technique to boost the quality of service of wireless real-time music transmission. Data buffering can make up for packets that are impaired or lost. Packets are often lost caused by poor receipt, interference or multipath fading. Music data is split into packets in order to easier be able to coordinate the data as well as restore missing or broken packets. Both the transmitter and cord-less receiver keep a memory buffer that holds information packets. The transmitter adds a checksum (CRC) to every single information packet in addition to a number. Making use of the CRC, the receiver has the capacity to establish whether or not a packet was damaged. The packet counter allows the receiver to determine whether any packets were misplaced. In each case, the receiver will request the missing or impaired packet to be resent by sending a sign to the transmitter. For this reason, the receiver has to be in a position to transmit information to the transmitter. In the instance of multiple cordless receivers, the method should have an adequate amount of time slots such that each receiver is able to request packets from the transmitter. Due to the set quantity of time slots for the back channel, these types of cord-less speakers possess a limit for how many cordless loudspeakers are able to work from a single transmitter.




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